By integrating interactions between real car vehicles and virtual environments, the system provides a testing and validation platform for autonomous driving research, facilitating the verifi cation of traffic flow theory in complex, dynamic settings.
The system comprises the following core components:
The physical layer comprises autonomous vehicles (real cars), steer-by-wire scaled cars, and micro steer-by-wire cars on a sand-table track.
The virtual layer includes a autonomous driving simula tion system and traffic-flow simulation software.

